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In this study, a method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The semi-biomimetic method was applied to simulate digestion process in vitro, to explore the digestion and transport characters of oral administration through the gastrointestinal tract, and to explain the content ratio changes and bioaccessibility of active ingredients in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results showed that the 10 index components have a good linear relationship in the corresponding concentration range, and the average recovery rate was 91.35% to 105.65%. After simulated digestion in vitro, types of chemical composition in simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid digested extracts of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma did not change significantly. While the content ratio of salvianolic acid B and rosmarinic acid decreased, and the content ratio of protocatechuic aldehyde and danshensu increased. In the simulated gastric fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: danshensu (50.19%) > salvianolic acid B (33.44%) > lithospermic acid (27.34%) > salvianolic acid A (21.71%) > rosmarinic acid (12.31%). In the simulated intestinal fluid digestion extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the order of bioaccessibility was: 15,16-dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ (5.45%) > tanshinone Ⅰ (3.67%) > cryptotanshinone (3.29%) > tanshinone ⅡA (3.01%) > salvianolic acid A (2.39%) > lithospermic acid (1.57%) > salvianolic acid B (1.02%) > danshensu (0.41%) > rosmarinic acid (0.34%). In conclusion, the UHPLC method established in this study can be applied for accurately and sensitively detecting the contents of 6 salvianolic acids and 4 tanshinones in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The results of semi-biomimetic extraction showed that not all components were extracted with simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid, especially rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Therefore, in the quality study of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and its extract, bioavailability should be considered at the same time when select quality markers and determine their content limits.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the extraction rate and speciation of antivitiligo-related elements in Opercalina turperthum by water extraction and semi-bionic extraction. METHODS:Water extraction and semi-bionic extraction were respectively used. Wa-ter-soluble state and suspension state in extract of O. turperthum were separated by microporous filtering film;organic and inorgan-ic trace elements in water-soluble state were separated by macroporous resin. The contents of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn and Sr were detected by flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometry,and speciation analysis was conducted. RESULTS:After water extrac-tion,extraction rates of 7 trace elements were 40.47%-72.49%;ratio of suspended particles was 3.69%-8.78%;ratio of organic state/inorganic state was 104.36% in water-soluble state of Sr and 3.94%-48.39% in water-soluble state of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg, Mn. After semi-bionic extraction,except for Mn,extraction rates of trace elements were higher than water extraction,extraction rates of Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Sr were 77.69%-90.19%;ratio of suspended particles was 0.39%-8.57%;the ratio of organic state/inorganic state was 72.74%-180.79% in water-soluble state of elements. CONCLUSIONS:Cu,Zn,Fe,Ca,Mg,Mn and Sr in O. turperthum are dissolved easily,mainly existing in the form of inorganic state. After semi-bionic extraction,except for Mn,the dis-solution rate of other elements and the proportion of organic trace elements after dissolution increase significantly. Both dissolution and effective utilization rate of trace elements by semi-bionic extraction are higher than water extraction.
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Objective: To optimize the extraction conditions of semi-bionic extraction for Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Methods:The best extraction conditions of the semi-bionic extraction for Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was screened by uniform design with yield of geniposide, total iridoid glycosides and dry extract as the indices. Results:The optimal conditions were as follows:the pH value of wa-ter for the lst, 2nd and 3rd decoction was 2. 0, 6. 5 and 9. 0, respectively, and the extraction time was 2. 0, 1. 0 and 1. 0h according-ly. Conclusion:The optimized extraction conditions by uniform design is scientific and reasonable.
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Objective: To optimize the conditions of semi-bionic extraction for Kanggan Liyan syrups. Methods: The samples were extracted by water with different pH values under the same conditions of formula composition and dosage, extraction temperature, filtration method, water voulme, centrifugal time and concentration multiple. The best conditions of the semi-bionic extraction for Kang-gan Liyan syrups were screened by uniform design with the content of forsythoside A, polydatin, baicalin and emodin and the dried ex-tract weight as the indices. Results:The best technical conditions were as follows:the pH value of water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd de-coction was 4. 9, 7. 5 and 9. 0, respectively, and the total extraction time was 2h. Conclusion:According to the industrial production conditions, the pH value of water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoction is 5. 0, 7. 5 and 9. 0 with the extraction time of 1h,0. 5h and 0. 5h, respectively.
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Objective: To optimize the alcohol concentration for Jinyin Qingre oral liquids extracted by semi-bionic extraction (SBE). Methods:Using proportional division method to set up 5 alcohol concentration 30%,55%,61. 25%,67. 5%,80% for the ex-periment . The dried extract yield and the contents of chlorogenic acid ,geniposide,salviandic acid B and total phenolic acid were set up as indexes which were standardized as the comprehensive evaluation value ( Y) ,using the weighting coefficient had been set. Choosing the appropriate concentration by comparing the value of Y. Results:The order of comprehensive evaluation value was as follows:30%>61. 25% >55% >80% >67. 5%. Conclusion:Combining the clarity of the oral liquids, the best alcohol concentration in SBE for Jinyin Qingre oral liquids is 61. 25%.
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Objective:To optimize the conditions of semi-bionic extraction for Jinyin Qingre oral liquids. Methods:The best con-ditions of the semi-bionic extraction for Jinyin Qingre oral liquids was optimized by uniform design with the yield of chlorogenic acid, geniposide and total phenolic acid, and the dried extract weight as the indices in a comprehensive evaluation. Results:The optimal pH of water for the three-time decoction was 2. 89, 6. 50 and 8. 43, respectively, and the total extraction time was 2. 0 h. Conclusion:Combined with the actual production, the pH value of water is 3. 0, 6. 5 and 8. 5 with the decoction time of 1. 0, 0. 5 and 0. 5h, re-spectively.
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Objective:To optimize semi-bionic extraction(SBE)of Forsythia suspensa. Methods: The best conditions of semi-bionic extraction of Forsythia suspense were screened by uniform design with the total content of forsythoside A,and forsythin and dried extract weight as the indices. Results:The results of the uniform design were analyzed by DPS data, and combined with the industrial production conditions, the optimal extraction technology was as follows:the pH value of water in the three-time extraction was 2. 0,7. 0 and 10. 0 with the extraction time of 1. 0h,0. 5h and 0. 5h, respectively. Conclusion: The technology provides a theoretical basis for the extraction optimization of Forsythia suspensa.
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Objective: To optimize semi-bionic extraction(SBE)of rhubard. Methods: The best extraction conditions of semi-bionic extraction for rhubard were optimized by uniform design with the total content of loeemodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and anthraquinone and the dried extract weight as the indices. Results:According to the optimization and the industrial production condi-tion, the pH values of water in three times of extraction were 2. 0,6. 5 and 9. 0,and the extraction time was 2, 1, 1 h, respectively. Conclusion:This method provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of rhubard extraction.
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Objective To optimize the alcohol concentration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted by semi-bionic alcoholic extraction (SBAE). Methods Extracts were prepared by the best semi-bionic extraction technology and the best combination method. The contents of Glycyrrhetinic Acid, Cinnamic Acid, total flavones, volatile oil and dry extract in the each extract were determined. Results Comprehensive evaluation Y of 70% alcoholic SBAE extract was significantly higher than that of other alcohol concentration SBAE. Conclusion 70% is the best alcohol concentration of Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted by SBAE.
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Objective To optimize the best ingredients combination of Guizhi Gancao Decoction. Method The prescription was put into two groups, and extracting by semi-bionic extraction. The contents of Glycyrrhetinic acid, Cinnamic acid, total flavones, volatile oil and dry extract in the each extract were determined, and HPLC fingerprint of the refined by 50% ethanol was compared. Results Except the similar content of dry extract in two kinds of combinations, the other four index components in mixed extract is significantly higher than individual extraction. Two kinds of combinations extract fingerprints of the HPLC had no significant difference. HPLC gradients eluting total score area and main characteristic peak area in mixed extract were higher than individual extraction. Conclusion It is better that Guizhi Gancao Decoction extracted with Guizhi and Gancao mixed.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction conditions of plumula nelumbinis. METHODS: The semi - bionic extraction (SBE) conditions were optimized by homogeneous design while total alkaloids and dry extract were adopted as markers. Factors of extraction time, solute quantity and the pH values were evaluated for their effects on extraction process. RESULTS: Optimal parameters were as follows: plumula nelumbinis was extracted in water 8 times as much as it for 3 times; the pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoctions were 5.0,6.0 and 8.0, respectively; the boiling lasted 4 hours. CONCLUSION: The method prouides theoretical reference for the extraction plumula nelumbinis.
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Objective To optimize the best condition of semi-bionic extraction for Vernonia anthelmintica.Methods The best condition of the semi-bionic extraction for V.anthelmintica by uniform design was optimized with total HPLC integrate area of common peaks in fingerprints,total flavonoids and dried extract weight as the indexes.Results According to industry production condition,the best technical condition:pH values of 80% ethanol for the 1st,2nd,and 3rd decoctions were in order of 6.0,6.5,and 8.0,and the extraction time were 1,0.5,and 0.5 h,respectively.Conclusion It is better for V.anthelmintica extracted by semi-bionic extraction,and the parametrs are optimized by uniform design.
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AIM: To investigate the method for using semi-bionic extraction (SBE) on Simiao Yongan Decoction as an example. METHODS: Orthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction conditions of SBE with the evaluation markers such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, glycyrrhizic acid, total polysaccharide, ethanol soluble extractives and dried extract. RESULTS: The optimized SBE conditions were as follows: The medical material was powdered through a sieve with 4 meshes) and extracted with 20% ethanol for three times, the pH of the three extractions were in proper order 3.50, 7.50, 8.50 ; the solvent volume was 10,8,8 times, respectively, and the extraction time was 1.5,1.0,1.0 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: The optimum extraction conditions are stable and practicable, and surpass the original SBE extraction conditions.
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AB; and there is not obvious difference in the TLC of 2 kinds of extraction liquid, but there is difference in the GC of volatile oil in them. Conclusion: It is the best combination to extract Rhizoma Coptidis and Cortex Cinnamomi seperately.
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Objective:Optimising the technological parameters for the extraction of Maxingshigan Decoction (Herba Ephedrae, Semen Pruni Armeniacae, Gypsum Fibrosum, Radix Glycyrrhizae). Methods:Using the even design and TCL, ephedrine, glycyrrhetinic acid, hydrocyanic acid, calciumion and extract weight were taken as the indexes. Results:Optimal parameters: the pH values of the water for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd decoctions are 2.0 ,6.5 and 9.0,respectively; and the time of 3 decoctions are 2.0,1.0and 0.5h, respectively. Conclusion:Optimal parameters for Maximpshipan Decoction are feasible in extraction.
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Objective:To optimize the extraction condtions in the modification of the formula of Jiaotai Pill. Methods: The semi bionic extraction (SBE) conditions were optimized through homogeneous design while berberine, cinnamic acid, total alkaloids, volatile oil and dry extract were adopted as markers. Results: PH in first extraction was adjusted to 2.20 by the use of HCL solution. And then PH in second and third extraction adjusted to 6.50 and 7.80 , duration of run was 170 min, 80 min and 40 min, respectively. Conclusion: Semi bionic extraction in Jiaotai Pill is approximated to theoretical extraction value.